Tuesday, 3 December 2013

Prepositions after Adjectives


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Prepositions after Adjectives

Specific prepositions are used after certain adjectives. There is no definite rule to ascertain which preposition should be used with which adjective. We simply need to learn them. But there’s no need to fret on the thought of learning without knowing the rule as people do manage to memorise them through constant usage and with a little time.
Here is a list of some commonly used adjectives and the prepositions that are normally used with them to help you get started:
ADJECTIVE
PREPOSITION
accustomed
to
afraid
of
accused
of
acquainted
with
addicted
to
annoyed
about/with/at
allergic
to
amazed
at/by
anxious
about
appreciated
for
ashamed
of
associated
with
astonished
at/by
aware
of
angry
with
afraid
of
attached
to
bad
at
based
on
beneficial
to
boastful
for
bored
with
brilliant
at
busy
with
capable
of
careful
with/about/of
certain
about
characteristic
of
clever
at
connected
with
conscious
of
content
with
crazy
about
crowded
with
curious
about
dissatisfied
with
doubtful
about
delighted
at/about
derived
from
different
from
disappointed
with
eager
for
eligible
for
enthusiastic
about
excellent
in/at
excited
about
experienced
in
exposed
to
envious
of
faithful
to
familiar
with
famous
for
fed up
with
free
of/from
frightened
of
friendly
with
fond
of
furious
about
furnished
with
full
of
generous
with/about
guilty
of/about
gentle
with
good
at
grateful
to
happy
about
hopeful
of/about
identical
with/to
immune
to
impressed
with
inferior
to
indifferent
to
innocent
of
interested
in
involved
with
incapable
of
jealous
of
kind
to
keen
on
late
for
limited
to
lucky
at
nervous
of/about
notorious
for
opposed
to
patient
with
pessimistic
about
pleased
with
polite
to
popular
with
presented
with
proud
of
punished
for
puzzled
by/about
qualified
for
ready
for
related
to
relevant
to
respectful
for
responsible
for
rid
of
sad
about
safe
from
satisfied
with
scared
of
sensitive
to
serious
about
sick
of
similar
to
shocked
by
skilful
at
slow
at
sorry
for/about
successful
in
suitable
for
sure
of/about
superior
to
surprised
at
suspicious
of
sympathetic
with
terrible
at
terrified
of
tired
of
thankful
to/for
trilled
with
troubled
with
typical
of
unaware
of
upset
about
used
to
wrong
with/about
worried
about

Order of Adjectives

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Order of Adjectives

Many a times we use more than one adjective with a noun. In such situation, it is important to arrange the adjectives in the correct order according to their types. This systematic arrangement of adjectives and the rationale behind it is called the ‘order of adjectives’.
Some of the rules that need to be kept in mind while ordering the adjectives are:
- Determiners like articles (a,an, the), possessives (my, your, etc.), demonstratives (this, that, etc.), quantifiers (some, any, few, many, etc.) and numbers (one, two, three, etc.) always appear before anything else.
- The general order is OPINION before FACTS. This means that opinions should always come before facts while arranging the adjectives before noun. For example: in the clause ‘a beautiful ancient house’, ‘a’ being a determiner should come first, ‘beautiful’, i.e., the opinion should come next before the fact, i.e., ‘ancient’. Finally, ‘house’ should come which is the main noun.
- Therefore, the normal order that is followed is: Determiner/Opinion Adjectives/Fact Adjectives/Nouns.
- Fact adjectives can be further broken down and arranged into: other / size, shape, age, colour / origin / material / purpose.
For example:
Adjectives
Main Noun
Determiner
Opinion Adjective
Fact Adjectives
other
size, shape, age, colour
origin
material
Purpose (often a noun used as an adjective)
Two
tall
white
American
men
A
beautiful
well-known
15thcentury
Italian
coffee
table

Comparison of Adjectives

Comparison of Adjectives

When we want to compare two or more nouns using adjectives, we use the comparative and superlative forms of the adjective to show the comparison between the nouns. E.g. -
Honey is sweet, sugar is sweeter but victory is the sweetest.
In this sentence, we are comparing the three nouns using the positive, comparative and superlative forms of the word ‘sweet’.
Positive Form -
These are the simple adjectives that simply describe the noun without comparing it to another - big, sweet, clean, etc.
She has a big black dog.
He is a sweet boy.
The cupboard is clean.
Comparative Form -
These are used when we are comparing two nouns and need to show which noun possesses the adjective or character in a greater or lesser amount, when compared with the other. - bigger, sweeter, cleaner, etc.
I have a big dog but hers is bigger.
He is sweeter than the other boys.
The cupboard is cleaner than before.
Superlative Form -
This form is used when three or more nouns are being compared and we need to show that one or more of the nouns posses the adjective or characteristic to the highest amount possible. We usually add ‘the’ before the superlative form. - biggest, sweetest, cleanest, etc.
She has the biggest dog in the colony.
He is the sweetest boy in his class.
The cupboard is the cleanest thing in the house.
Making Comparatives and Superlatives
There are certain rules that must be followed in the making of the comparatives and superlatives of the adjectives. Not all adjectives form their comparatives and superlatives in the same way and there are also some irregular adjectives that form completely different comparative and superlative forms.
Single Syllable Words and Double Syllable Words ending with -y, -er, -ow, -le -
We use ‘-er’ to make the comparative and ‘-est’ to make the superlative.
Positive
Comparative
Superlative
Black
Blacker
Blackest
Fair
Fairer
Fairest
Clever
Cleverer
Cleverest
When there is a silent ‘e’ at the end of the positive form, we remove that and add ‘-er’ and ‘-est’
Positive
Comparative
Superlative
Nice
Nicer
Nicest
Late
Later
Latest
When the adjective ends with a ‘y’, we convert the ‘y’ into ‘i’ before adding ‘-er’ and ‘-est’
Positive
Comparative
Superlative
Pretty
Prettier
Prettiest
Lazy
Lazier
Laziest
If the adjective is a small one with little stress on the vowel, we double the last consonant.
Positive
Comparative
Superlative
Hot
Hotter
Hottest
Wet
Wetter
Wettest
Other Words with Two or More Syllables -
For other double syllable words that do not end with -y, -er, -ow, -le, and for adjectives with more than two syllables we use more and most to form the comparatives and superlatives.
Positive
Comparative
Superlative
Difficult
More Difficult
Most Difficult
Careful
More Careful
Most Careful
Handsome
More Handsome
Most Handsome
Interesting
More Interesting
Most Interesting
Special Adjectives -
There a few adjectives that can use both ‘-er and -est’ and ‘more’ and ‘most’ to form their comparative and superlative forms. The distinction between these is that ‘-er and -est’ are used when we are comparing the noun to another noun and ‘more’ and ‘most’ is used when we are comparing characteristics within the noun.
Positive
Comparative
Superlative
Example
Clever
Cleverer/ More Clever
Cleverest/Most Clever
He is cleverer than her.
He is more cleverthan studious.
Quiet
Quieter/ More Quiet
Quietest/ Most Quiet
This is the most quietit gets here.
This is the quietestplace.
Brave
Braver/ More Brave
Bravest/ Most Brave
She is braver than other girls.
She was more bravethan afraid.
Sure
Surer/ More Sure
Surest/ Most Sure
He was surer of the result than others.
You’ll be more sureabout the concept after you read the chapter.
Irregular Comparisons -
These adjectives do not make their comparative and superlative forms using the rules above. Their comparative and superlative forms are different words altogether.
Positive
Comparative
Superlative
Bad
Worse
Worst
Good
Better
Best
Far (place & time)
Further
Furthest
Far (place)
Farther
Farthest
Old (people)
Elder
Eldest
Little (amount)
Less
Least
Late (order)
Latter
Last